City comparison

Buffalo, NY vs Sacramento, CA

What a paycheck is really worth in each city: prices, rent and state taxes.

Key findings

  • Prices in Sacramento, CA are 11.3% higher than in Buffalo, NY. Someone earning $100,000 in Buffalo, NY would need about $111,300 in Sacramento, CA to live the same way.
  • Rent is the bigger story: a typical 1-bedroom costs $1,832 a month in Sacramento, CA versus $1,139 in Buffalo, NY. On $100,000, that's 30% of take-home pay in Sacramento, CA and 18% in Buffalo, NY.
  • Estimated state income tax on $100,000 is close: $4,860 a year in NY and $5,070 in CA.
  • For federal employees, locality pay changes a GS-13 step 1 salary by +6.0% moving from Buffalo, NY to Sacramento, CA ($111,301 → $117,984), while prices change by +11.3%. Net effect of the transfer: −4.8% in real buying power.
BuffaloSacramento
Price level (U.S. = 100):Under 9292–9898–102102–108Over 108
  • Buffalo, NY: price level 95.8 (cheaper)
  • Sacramento, CA: price level 106.7 (pricier)

Map drawn from Census Bureau state boundaries and metro locations9,10; dot colours show BEA price levels2.

Side by side

Buffalo, NYSacramento, CA
Price level (U.S. = 100)295.8106.7
$100,000 is worth, in the other city2$111,295 in Sacramento$89,851 in Buffalo
Typical 1-bedroom rent3$1,139/mo$1,832/mo
Take-home on $100,00014,15,8$74,320$74,110
State income tax on $100,000 (estimate)8$4,860 (NY)$5,070 (CA)
Rent burden on $100,00018%30%
Median pay, all jobs4$50,790$59,750
Federal locality pay area7Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Olean, NYSacramento-Roseville, CA-NV

Rent areas: Buffalo-Cheektowaga, NY MSA and Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA HUD Metro FMR Area. Metro areas: Buffalo-Cheektowaga, NY and Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA.

What costs more or less

Buffalo, NYSacramento, CA
Price level (U.S. = 100)BuffaloSacramento
Housing (rent)81.0130.2
Goods99.7105.2
Utilities129.5151.3
Other services97.8100.3
Overall95.8106.7
BEA Regional Price Parities2. Housing covers rents.

Moving with the same $100,000 salary

Buffalo, NY → Sacramento, CA

Same pay buys less

Buying power −10.1%; rent takes 30% of take-home; state tax +$211/yr.

31 Weak offer

Sacramento, CA → Buffalo, NY

Same pay goes further

Buying power +11.3%; rent takes 18% of take-home; state tax −$211/yr.

100 Strong offer

On the GS pay scale?

Buffalo, NY is in the Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Olean, NY pay area; Sacramento, CA is in Sacramento-Roseville, CA-NV. The last column shows what a transfer from Buffalo, NY to Sacramento, CA at the same grade and step does to real buying power.

Grade5,2Buffalo, NYSacramento, CAReal change, Buffalo → Sacramento
GS-9 step 1$64,543$68,419−4.8%
GS-11 step 1$78,091$82,780−4.8%
GS-12 step 1$93,598$99,218−4.8%
GS-13 step 1$111,301$117,984−4.8%
GS-14 step 1$131,525$139,422−4.8%

Pay for common jobs

Median annual pay4Buffalo, NYSacramento, CASacramento pay in Buffalo dollars
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education$76,490$103,390$92,897 (+21.4%)
Software Developers$127,850$139,640$125,468 (−1.9%)
Accountants and Auditors$82,120$92,110$82,762 (+0.8%)
Registered Nurses$99,060$171,460$154,058 (+55.5%)

"Not published" means BLS doesn't release an estimate for that job in that metro.

Check your own offer

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Taxes are estimates for a single filer taking the standard deduction; city and county income taxes are not included. See the methodology.

Notes & Sources

  1. U.S. Census Bureau, Metropolitan Statistical Area population estimates (Vintage 2025) (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  2. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Price Parities by MSA (MARPP), all items (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  3. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Fair Market Rents, 1-bedroom (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  4. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025, metropolitan areas (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  5. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, General Schedule (GS) pay rates with locality pay, 2026 (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  6. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Locality codes used in the 2026 GS pay spreadsheet (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  7. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2026 Locality Pay Area Definitions (counties in each pay area) (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  8. Tax Foundation, State Individual Income Tax Rates and Brackets, 2026 (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  9. U.S. Census Bureau, Cartographic boundary file: states, 1:20,000,000 (2024) (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  10. U.S. Census Bureau, Gazetteer file: core based statistical areas (2025) (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  11. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020-2024, table C24010 (occupation of employed residents) by ZIP code area (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  12. U.S. Census Bureau, ZIP Code Tabulation Area relationship files (2020; Connecticut 2022) and Gazetteer locations (2025) (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  13. U.S. Census Bureau, Cartographic boundary files (ZIP code areas 2020; counties and states 2024) and TIGER/Line primary roads (2024) (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  14. Internal Revenue Service, Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (2026 tax brackets and standard deduction) (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  15. Internal Revenue Service, Publication 15 (Circular E), Employer's Tax Guide for 2026 (Social Security and Medicare) (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  16. U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, O*NET 31.0 Database: Job Titles (used under CC BY 4.0; O*NET is a trademark of USDOL/ETA) (2026). Retrieved 2026-10-14.